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Wolfsbane (character)

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Wolfsbane
Wolfsbane as depicted on the cover of X-Factor (vol. 3) #11 (November 2006).
Art by Ryan Sook.
Publication information
PublisherMarvel Comics
First appearanceThe New Mutants (September 1982)
Created byChris Claremont
Bob McLeod
In-story information
Alter egoRahne Sinclair
SpeciesHuman mutant
Team affiliationsX-Force
X-Factor Investigations
Paragons
Excalibur
X-Factor
New Mutants
Hellions
Xavier Institute
X-Men
AbilitiesAbility to shapeshift into a wolf-like humanoid or into a full wolf at will

Wolfsbane (Rahne Sinclair) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is commonly associated with the X-Men.[1] A Scottish mutant, Wolfsbane can transform into a wolf or a transitional state somewhere between human and wolf, similar to a werewolf. She honed her powers to shift between human and wolf characteristics but must keep her feral instincts at bay when she does.

She was initially a member of the X-Men's original junior team, the New Mutants. Later on, she joined the Pentagon-sponsored X-Factor and was also associated with the British superhero team Excalibur. She appeared for a time as a teacher at Xavier's Academy in New X-Men, then served as a member of the X-Factor Investigations detective agency, until she joined the newest incarnation of X-Force. The character later returned to X-Factor and made several appearances as a member of the X-Men before rejoining the New Mutants.

Wolfsbane has made minor appearances in animated television, and made her live-action debut in the 2020 film The New Mutants, portrayed by Maisie Williams.

Publication history

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Created by the writer Chris Claremont and artist Bob McLeod, Wolfsbane first appeared in The New Mutants (September 1982), part of the line Marvel Graphic Novel.[2] She starred as a founding member of the New Mutants and features in nearly the entire run of The New Mutants (1983-1991), her last issue being #97. When the original five X-Men left X-Factor to rejoin the X-Men, Wolfsbane was recruited to join when it became a government operation in X-Factor #71 (October 1991) and was featured as a team member through issue #111 (February 1995) before the title was interrupted by the "Age of Apocalypse" crossover. Afterward, Wolfsbane left X-Factor to visit her foster mother Moira MacTaggart and joined Excalibur, starting with Excalibur #90 (October 1995) and appearing through the title's conclusion with issue #125 (October 1998). She was a supporting character in the limited series Warlock (vol. 5) (1999-2000), and then appeared sporadically in New Mutants (vol. 2) (2004) and New X-Men (2004-2005). With the relaunch of X-Factor (vol. 3) (2006), Wolfsbane once again saw regular publication as a central team member between issues #1 and #28 (2006-2008), after which she was transferred to the secret strike team X-Force in 2008. During her X-Force (vol. 3) run, she became pregnant by the Asgardian Hrimhari and this pregnancy caused her to return to X-Factor, starting with X-Factor #207 (September 2010). Much of her time in X-Factor was dedicated to her pregnancy and her son, Tier, with her last appearance being in X-Factor #258 (August 2013). Wolfsbane made subsequent appearances in various X-Men titles, including X-Men Blue (2017), New Mutants: Dead Souls (2018), and Uncanny X-Men (vol. 5) (2019). The character was killed in Uncanny X-Men (vol. 5) #17 (July 2019), but was revived during the Krakoan Age and appeared regularly in New Mutants (vol. 4) (2020-2023).

Fictional character biography

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Early life

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Rahne (pronounced "Rain") Sinclair is born in Ullapool, Scotland, the product of an illicit affair between Presbyterian minister Reverend Craig Sinclair and a sex worker. She is delivered by Dr. Moira MacTaggert. Rahne's mother dies in childbirth and her father raises her as an orphan without revealing that she is his biological child.[3] When her mutant powers manifest, Reverend Craig leads an angry mob to burn her at the stake, believing her to be a werewolf. Rahne is rescued and later adopted by Dr. MacTaggert, who takes her to America to enroll at Charles Xavier's School for Gifted Youngsters.[4]

New Mutants

[edit]

Taking the alias Wolfsbane, Rahne is one of the original New Mutants. Although she is a shy, emotionally repressed girl, she builds a strong friendship with Danielle Moonstar and harbors a crush on Cannonball.[4] Wolfsbane's strict religious upbringing often makes her uncomfortable when dealing with mythological entities, her sorceress teammate Magik, or demons, as well as self-loathing stemming from her mutant power. The clash between the intense joy of using her powers and her religious beliefs causes her inner turmoil. While in Asgard, she is disturbed to find herself attracted to Hrimhari, a shapeshifting wolf prince. Although he becomes her first serious love, she is unable to remain in Asgard without the rest of the New Mutants being forced to stay as well, so she returns to Earth with her teammates.[5][6] Wolfsbane eventually begins a relationship with her teammate Cypher,[7] and is devastated when he is killed by the Ani-Mator.[8] She later has a short-lived relationship with her teammate Rictor.[volume & issue needed]

X-Factor

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During the 1990 "X-Tinction Agenda" storyline, Wolfsbane is captured and brainwashed into slavery on Genosha.[9][10] She is ultimately freed by transforming into her transitional lupine form, but she is unable to revert to her human form without succumbing to her Genoshan conditioning.[11] After the fall of Genosha, Wolfsbane remains on the island with Havok to help rebuild[12] and both later join the government-sponsored X-Factor.[13] She develops feelings for Havok, a result of her Genoshan brainwashing and the feral nature of her transitional wolf form, and grows extremely jealous of his relationship with their teammate Polaris.[14][15]

Wolfsbane appeared in the 1992 miniseries The Infinity War and its 1993 sequel, The Infinity Crusade. During the former, she is part of the rear guard who stay behind on Earth at the Fantastic Four's headquarters and fight the various evil doubles that attack the building.[16] During The Infinity Crusade, Wolfsbane's deep religious beliefs lead her to be approached by the Goddess. She, along with many other religious heroes, is brainwashed into joining the Goddess' army but her mind is restored by the storyline's conclusion.[17]

The effects of her Genoshan brainwashing are eventually completely undone by Haven and Wolfsbane can once again return to her human form.[18]

Excalibur

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Wolfsbane leaves X-Factor[19] and travels to Moira MacTaggert's base on Muir Island to care for her after she contracts the Legacy Virus. While there, she joins Excalibur[20] and develops deep friendships with her allies, particularly Colossus and Shadowcat.[21] She overcomes much of her shyness and discovers the truth of her parentage in a confrontation with Reverend Craig.[3] She is a bridesmaid at the wedding of Captain Britain and Meggan.[22] Following Excalibur's disbanding, she and teammate and love interest Douglock stay on Muir Island to assist Moira in her attempt to cure the Legacy Virus.[23]

Wolfsbane appears in Warlock (vol. 5), in which she helps Warlock (revealed to have been Douglock all along) and the Avengers defeat Bastion.[24] Muir Island later comes under attack by the Brotherhood, resulting in Moira's apparent death,[25] the destruction of the island, and the suppression of Wolfsbane's mutant powers when Mystique shoots her with a version of Forge's Neutralizer.[26]

New X-Men

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Textless cover of New Mutants (vol. 2) #10 (May 2004).
Art by Chris Bachalo.

Wolfsbane spends some time motorcycling across the United States following the loss of her powers, having become less introverted, grown out her hair, and lost her Scottish burr. Upon returning to New York, she single-handedly defeats the rampaging villain Avalanche.[27][28]

Wolfsbane begins a relationship with Elixir.[27] A passionate encounter between the two causes Elixir's mutant healing abilities to restore her powers.[29] She ends the relationship when she is hired as a supervising staff member for the Paragons at the Xavier Institute and becomes a part-time employee of Jamie Madrox's detective agency, X-Factor Investigations, though Elixir continues to pursue her.[30][31] Though she is initially hesitant to continue the relationship, Elixir technically being her student, the two begin seeing one another secretly until Wolfsbane ends it upon learning that Elixir has been casually dating his classmate Wallflower. Their breakup is overheard by Wither, who later releases the details to the whole school in an attempt to end Elixir's budding relationship with Wallflower. Wolfsbane subsequently resigns from her position and her friendship with Danielle, Elixir's legal guardian, becomes strained.[32][33]

X-Factor Investigations

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Wolfsbane begins working full-time for X-Factor Investigations, reuniting her with former love interest and New Mutants teammate Rictor, now depowered in the wake of M-Day.[34] Many aspects of her previous persona return, including her close-cropped hairstyle and Scottish accent, and her devout Presbyterian religiosity remains a central aspect of her character.[35] She is instrumental in stopping a riot in what was known as "Mutant Town," a section of New York once dominated by mutants, [36] and helps rescue Layla Miller from an orphanage at which the team had been led to believe she was being abused.[37] She is later attacked by the villainous Tryp and given visions of a possible future in which she murders Jamie Madrox and Layla on their wedding day.[38] She confides in X-Factor psychiatrist Doc Samson that she considered killing herself to prevent this future from happening, conflicting with her religious beliefs on suicide.[39]

Wolfsbane rekindles her relationship with Rictor,[40], but their romance is cut short when she leaves X-Factor to join X-Force.[41]

Messiah Complex

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During the 2007–2008 "Messiah Complex" storyline, Wolfsbane is enlisted to help track down Cable and the infant Hope Summers.[42] She also helps Rictor infiltrate the Purifiers and discovers that her father has joined the anti-mutant organization.[43] During the climactic battle, Wolfsbane is injured by Riptide, but her wounds, according to Professor X, are superficial.[44]

X-Force

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When Cyclops decides to reform X-Force after the events of "Messiah Complex", Wolfsbane joins the team and participates in the assault on the Purifiers' base. She is captured by and held hostage by Matthew Risman.[45] While her teammates attempt to rescue her, they fail and she is taken to an undisclosed Purifier base where she is brainwashed to "kill the angel."[46] X-Force manages to rescue her but discover that she has been injected with a near-lethal dose of heroin. She is immediately taken to Angel's mansion to be healed by Elixir. However, after she wakes up, she immediately attacks Angel, rips off his wings, and takes them to Reverend Craig.[47]

Wolfsbane awakens from her brainwashed state handcuffed in a Purifiers facility, unable to use her powers due to her restraints. Reverend Craig tries to kill her, but she escapes.[48] She regroups with her teammates, and they begin their assault against Bastion and the Purifiers. In the course of the battle, Wolfsbane is shot by her father, who follows her blood trail into the room where Angel's severed wings are held. During their confrontation, Reverend Craig stands in front of Angel's wings, giving the illusion that he is an angel. Wolfsbane's Purifier programming activates and she enters a feral state, attacking her father. After the battle, her teammates find her in her human form, in shock and surrounded by blood and torn clothes with no sign of Reverend Craig.[49]

Wolfsbane is among the many X-Men helping to fight off Skrulls during their invasion of San Francisco. X-Force is tasked with capturing one of the new Super-Skrulls so Beast can study them to find a weakness.[50]

When the team decides that the psychological trauma Wolfsbane has experienced is too great for her to bear, the Stepford Cuckoos are summoned to undo her Purifier brainwashing. Before they can erase her traumatic memories of apparently devouring her father, however, they are interrupted, and X-Force is sent on a mission, leaving Wolfsbane behind.[51][52] While alone, she reunites and runs away with Hrimhari.[53] Still conflicted over her experience with the Purifiers, she is encouraged to forgive herself by the wolf prince.[54] After an intimate night, the two are attacked by a trio of Frost Giants. They manage to defeat them and although seemingly unharmed, Wolfsbane faints.[55]

Necrosha

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After Wolfsbane falls unconscious, she is brought to Utopia for healing. Doctor Nemesis determines that she is pregnant with Hrimhari's child and the accelerated pregnancy is threatening her life.[56] Desperate to save his lover and unborn child, Hrimhari trades his soul to Hela in exchange for the revival of a comatose Elixir, condemning himself to life in Hel. Elixir awakes and heals Wolfsbane, strengthening her body so she will be able to survive the pregnancy and enhancing her strength and senses.[57] Wolfsbane is removed from active duty on X-Force and decides to leave the X-Men altogether.[58]

Return to X-Factor Investigations

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Wolfsbane returns to New York City to rejoin X-Factor Investigations, discovering her ex-boyfriend Rictor and Shatterstar in an intimate embrace.[59] After a brief fight with Shatterstar, she decides to "save" Rictor's soul by claiming that he is the father of her child, not wanting him to be damned to Hell for homosexuality.[60] When the baby's true paternity is eventually revealed, she explains herself to Rictor, the two reconcile, and Rictor pursues his relationship with Shatterstar.[61]

Throughout her pregnancy, Wolfsbane is hounded by various gods and demons who want her powerful unborn baby for their own ends[62][63] She is abducted by Hrimhari's uncle, Agamemnon, and kept prisoner until she gives birth orally. The newborn immediately attacks Agamemnon and tears him apart, alarming Wolfsbane. Her repulsion frightens her baby, who runs away and is later found and adopted by the heroic werewolf Jack Russell.[64]

Wolfsbane later feels immense remorse for abandoning her child[65] and comes to fear that her she will go to Hell for it. Siryn and Polaris take her on a road trip to Vermont, where they meet Father John Maddox, a duplicate of Jamie Madrox who has become a priest. She confesses to Father John her repressed memories of eating her own father. Though shocked, he counsels her to let go of her self-pity and judgmental attitude and channel her negative energy into positivity.[66] With a new outlook, Wolfsbane searches for and reunites with her son, named Tier, and decides to leave X-Factor Investigations to live peacefully with him and Jack Russell.[67]

However, Wolfsbane and Tier are drawn back into conflict once more during the "Hell on Earth War" storyline. Tier's life becomes the focal point of a war for power among the Hell Lords and he is ultimately killed by a soulless Strong Guy seeking to resurrect M.[68] Empowered as the King of Hell, Strong Guy teleports a devastated Wolfsbane to Father John's church. Feeling spiritually lost, she becomes a deacon there.[69]

Secret Empire

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When Hydra takes over the United States and displaces mutants to New Tian, Wolfsbane joins a strike force assembled by the New Tian government. Thanks to Emma Frost and Miss Sinister, she undergoes a secondary mutation that allows her to split her wolf form into five smaller wolves.[70]

New Mutants: Dead Souls

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Wolfsbane joins Magik's team of New Mutants. She also forgives fellow teammate Strong Guy, who has since reclaimed his soul, for killing her son. She is later infected by the Transmode Virus and, along with the other New Mutants, merges with Moonlock, the combined Dani Moonstar and Warlock.[71]

Uncanny X-Men

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As part of Moonlock, Wolfsbane joins Cyclops's team of X-Men,[72] eventually unmerging from the gestalt entity.[73] She participates in the defense of New York City during the "War of the Realms" storyline.[74]

Eventually realizing she has "had enough of being a monster," she quits the team.[75] However, not long after, she is accosted by four young men who beat her to death upon realizing that she is a mutant. Her death is mourned by her former teammates.[76]

Dawn of X

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Wolfsbane is resurrected on Krakoa by the Five, rejoins the New Mutants,[77] and receives therapy from Mirage.[78] When she questions why her son Tier has not been resurrected, she is told she needs proof of his death, much to her despair.[79] She plays a key role in defeating the Shadow King and freeing the consciousnesses of the real Amahl Farouk from the malevolent entity that has been controlling him since childhood.[80] She also aids Magik in her struggle over the throne of Limbo.[81]

Powers and abilities

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Wolfsbane and Layla Miller on the textless cover of X-Factor (vol. 3) #6 (June 2006).
Art by Gabriele Dell'Otto and José Villarrubia.

Wolfsbane is a mutant with the ability to transform into a wolf at will, while retaining her human intelligence, or into a transitional form which combines human and lupine aspects.[82] While this ability is lycanthropy, it is not magical in nature, but instead a complex biological function involving the mutant X-gene. She can change into a humanoid lupine form resembling a werewolf, or become an actual wolf. In either form, Wolfsbane has enhanced senses of hearing, sight, and smell (similar to those of a wolf's, but also superior to them); animal-like strength, agility, and reflexes; razor-sharp talons and fangs; and bestial instincts. In lupine form she can also see into the infrared and ultraviolet portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, thereby enabling her to perceive heat patterns and to see in the dark. In her lupine form she can also hear sounds and detect scents outside the normal human range. In her transitional form she is less agile than she is as a wolf, but stronger than she is in human form. In her transitional form she can speak, use her forepaws as hands and easily stand erect, and at least some of her senses remain superhumanly acute. Danielle Moonstar's former telepathic talent, which enabled her to communicate with animals, allowed her to communicate with Wolfsbane to a limited degree when she was in her lupine form or "transitional" humanoid-wolf form; in lupine form Wolfsbane may have more difficulty understanding complex human concepts. Wolfsbane later learned to enter different transitional forms which vary slightly in appearance. In her "absolute" lupine form, she possesses superhuman strength and durability. She possesses regenerative abilities which allow her to recover from injuries in a few days which would incapacitate a normal human for weeks or months.

Wolfsbane's human form is normal in appearance, originally with the exception that her hair never grew more than a few centimeters long; this limitation has since been removed by a temporary biological change into a "mutate" by the Genengineer on the island of Genosha during the X-Tinction Agenda storyline. The artificial mutation process Wolfsbane underwent caused her to act with animalistic savagery in her lupine and "absolute" forms. Wolfsbane was shown to exhibit her keen sense of smell while in human form,[83] sensing traces of blood and spit on teammate Strong Guy's hand, (identifying who the fluids belonged to) despite him having already wiped it clean. This was followed by Siryn's sonic-scream, leaving Wolfsbane's "doggy-ears...ringing for a week" implying her hearing is also enhanced in human form. Wolfsbane mentions to Rictor that she indeed has her wolf senses in her human form but changed the subject before explaining further.[84]

While a member of the second X-Factor team, Wolfsbane wears a special uniform made of "unstable molecules" that converts to a collar in her non-human forms.[volume & issue needed]

After Elixir alters her DNA in order for her to survive her pregnancy, Wolfsbanedemonstrates greatly increased superhuman strength and durability to the point of being bulletproof.[57][85] Her senses are further heightened to the point that she is able to smell a missing teammate nearly a mile away and underground.[57] After giving birth to her child, these enhanced abilities fade and she returns to her original levels of strength and durability.[volume & issue needed]

Reception

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  • In 2014, Entertainment Weekly ranked Wolfsbane 50th in their "Let's rank every X-Man ever" list.[86]
  • In 2018, Comic Book Resources (CBR) ranked Wolfsbane 18th in their "20 Most Powerful Mutants From The '80s" list,[87] and 17th in their "X-Force: 20 Powerful Members" list.[88]

Other versions

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Age of Apocalypse

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In the alternate timeline of the 1995–1996 "Age of Apocalypse" storyline, Wolfsbane finds herself stuck in her lupine form and is a companion to the Dark Beast. When this reality was revisited ten years later in X-Men: Age of Apocalypse, Wolfsbane has been rescued and has begun to rediscover of her humanity again. She is now capable of shifting into her hybrid form but is still very feral in her mindset.[89]

Age of X

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In the alternate reality seen in the 2011 "Age of X" storyline, Wolfsbane is briefly sheltered from the government by the Fantastic Four, but her presence is betrayed by the Invisible Woman after she accidentally attacks Franklin Richards, resulting in all of the team but Invisible Woman being arrested.[90]

Days of Future Past

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An alternate future version of Wolfsbane from the timeline originated by the 1981 "Days of Future Past" storyline appears in Excalibur #94. She spends much of her time viewing recorded images of death and destruction. She, along with a few surviving friends, participates in a raid on a Black Air facility.[91]

Mutant X

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In the alternate reality of the 1998–2001 series Mutant X, Wolfsbane works alongside many of her New Mutant counterparts, making a living as thieves, living in the sewers and calling themselves "Marauders." She and her friends barely survive a mission in which they steal container that unbeknownst to them, contains Dracula.[92]

Mys-Tech Wars

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An alternate universe version of Wolfsbane, along with alternates of her X-Factor teammates, appears in issue #3 of Mys-Tech Wars to fight alongside the Earth-616 heroes. She does not survive through the violence that follows.[93]

Ultimate Marvel

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The Ultimate Marvel version of Wolfsbane makes cameo appearances in Ultimate X-Men. She is seen on a viewscreen in her human form and receives passing mention in Ultimate X-Men #43, during the selection process for Emma Frost's Academy of Tomorrow, in which the President of the United States says "No to the wolf girl." In issue #50, she is seen in her hybrid form at a Coney Island freak show. In issue #95, however, it is revealed that the Ultimate Alpha Flight member Sasquatch (who first appeared in issue #94) is in fact Rahne Sinclair, making it her first official named appearance. She and the rest of her team use a power enhancing drug known as Banshee, the Ultimate version of Mutant Growth Hormone, which can induce a secondary mutation, or further an existing mutation, for example turning Angel into a large anthropomorphic eagle. While using the drug, Rahne can still revert to a more human appearance that resembles a Sasquatch. Later in the same issue, she is injured by Nightcrawler, who, while trying to teleport her away, severs half of her right arm.[94]

What If...?

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Wolfsbane appears in some What If...? stories:

  • In "What If... the New X-Men Died on Their Very First Mission?", a preteen Rahne joins Moira MacTaggert on a journey to look after Moira's old lover, Charles Xavier, following another severe punishment at the hands of Reverend Craig. Meeting Hank McCoy, they learn of the X-Men's secret and their deaths on Krakoa. They remain at the Xavier institute to look after the Professor, who has grown despondent over the loss of his students. When Count Nefaria and his Ani-Men later attempt to blackmail the United States government, Beast hastily assembles a mutant hero team to engage them, but Rahne is accidentally taken along as well. When Beast's team is brought into dire straits by the Ani-Men, Xavier telepathically awakens Rahne's latent shapechanging potential, which allows her to rescue her friends. Afterwards, Rahne joins the newly formed X-Men as a "charter member", although she is last seen wearing her own personal costume.[95]
  • In "What If... the X-Men Had Stayed in Asgard?", Wolfsbane's actions diverge from those she committed at the end of X-Men Annual #9 (December 1985), deciding that she cannot be separated from Hrimhari. Although Hrimhari later dies in battle, he leaves her with three children (depicted as a wolf cub, a human baby, and a wolf-human hybrid baby) and rulership over his people.[96]

Wolverine: Rahne of Terra

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An alternate reality version of Wolfsbane, named Princess Rain, appeared prominently in the 1991 graphic novel Wolverine: Rahne of Terra. Wolfsbane was transported to the magic-based world of Geshem by the "Mage" (Cable's counterpart) in exchange for the Princess Rain, her own counterpart, and brainwashed to make her believe herself to be Rain. This was done in an attempt to save the Princess from a prophecy which apparently said the Princess would die on her sixteenth birthday. Wolverine was taken there by the wizard Magnus (Geshem's version of Magneto), who Magnus attempted to mind-control in an attempt to fulfill the prophecy. While there, Wolfsbane encountered counterparts of most of the New Mutants, hallucinating that they were the versions she knew, and gradually remembering who she actually was. Meanwhile, Wolverine killed Magnus at the climax before they both returned home.[97]

In the 1995 sequel, Wolverine: Knight of Terra, Wolfsbane and Wolverine helped Queen Rain accept the "Beast" which gave her shapeshifting powers, as she was the only one who could control it (since she had rejected it, it had possessed someone else, transforming them into a version of Sabretooth). In this volume, the Queen's associates were counterparts to the X-Men, with the role of the Mage being taken by Professor X's counterpart, the Shaman.[98]

X-Men: The End

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In the alternate future of X-Men: The End, Wolfsbane is one of the staff at the X-Mansion.[99] When Skrulls impersonating old X-Men enemies attack the mansion, Wolfsbane sacrifices herself to save many of the surviving children, making brief telepathic contact with and thus awakening the comatose Dani Moonstar as she dies.[100]

In other media

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Television

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Film

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Rahne Sinclair appears in The New Mutants, portrayed by Maisie Williams in her human form,[103][104] and trained wolf Chuck in her wolf form. This version enters a relationship with Danielle Moonstar over the course of the film.

Video games

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Wolfsbane appears as a playable character in Marvel Puzzle Quest.[105]

Miscellaneous

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References

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  1. ^ "Wolfsbane Powers, Enemies, History | Marvel". Marvel Entertainment. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
  2. ^ DeFalco, Tom; Sanderson, Peter; Brevoort, Tom; Teitelbaum, Michael; Wallace, Daniel; Darling, Andrew; Forbeck, Matt; Cowsill, Alan; Bray, Adam (2019). The Marvel Encyclopedia. DK Publishing. p. 411. ISBN 978-1-4654-7890-0.
  3. ^ a b Ellis, Warren (w), Jones, Casey (p), Simmons, Tom (i), Lenshoek, Ariane, Malibu Hues (col), Starkings, Richard, Comicraft (let), Gaffney, Suzanne (ed). "The Spire" Excalibur, vol. 1, no. 93 (January 1996). Marvel Comics.
  4. ^ a b Claremont, Chris (w), McLeod, Bob (a), Wein, Glynis (col), Orzechowski, Tom (let), Jones, Louise (ed). "Renewal" Marvel Graphic Novel: The New Mutants, vol. 1, no. 4 (November 1982). Marvel Comics.
  5. ^ Claremont, Chris (w), Adams, Arthur (p), Austin, Terry (i), Scheele, Christie (col), Buhalis, Lois, Orzechowski, Tom (let), Nocenti, Ann (ed). "Home Is Where the Heart Is" The New Mutants Special Edition, vol. 1, no. 1 (1985). Marvel Comics.
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  13. ^ David, Peter (w), Stroman, Larry (p), Milgrom, Al (i), Oliver, Glynis (col), Task Force Z (let), Harras, Bob (ed). "Cutting the Mustard" X-Factor, vol. 1, no. 71 (October 1991). Marvel Comics.
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  15. ^ David, Peter (w), Stroman, Larry (p), Milgrom, Al (i), Oliver, Glynis (col), Heisler, Michael (let), Harras, Bob (ed). "Politically Incorrect" X-Factor, vol. 1, no. 74 (January 1992). Marvel Comics.
  16. ^ Starlin, Jim (w), Lim, Ron (p), Milgrom, Al (i), Laughlin, Ian, Stein, Evelyn (col), Morelli, Jack (let), Anderson, Craig (ed). "Mortiferous Artifice" The Infinity War, vol. 1, no. 4 (September 1992). Marvel Comics.
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